浅谈普通中学的实验室建设与管理

浅谈普通中学的实验室建设与管理刘长荣（南阳市第十二中学）实验是理科教学的基础。理科实验直接参与并服务于理科教学。通过实验教学，可以使学生形成基本概念和基本理论的明晰印象。搞好实验室建设为学生在理科学习中提供良好的实验条件．提供观察和动手实践的机会，诱...     

一个交角公式及其应用

近年来，在高考及竞赛题中，有关两直线所成的角，二面角的题目常占有重要的地位，本文将从一个习题出发．推导出一个比较实用的公式，以简捷有效地解决此类问题．     

论北京天足运动与思想解放--从解放小脚看解放头脑

缠足是封建社会对妇女进行的精神压抑与形体摧残.近代,随着西方思想文化的渗透,缠足逐渐被先进的知识分子当作文明未开化的标志,少数有识之士倡导天足运动.在北京这场运动超越了檄讨变态审美的范畴,不仅解放了女性的脚,同时也解放了人们的脑;它不只是一种千年陋俗的革除过程,同时也是近代知识分子思想解放的发展历程.     

"八脚词"与宋代文章学

八脚词是明代八股文一种少为人知的异称.该文认为"脚"这个术语起源于宋代文章学,它是宋人分析文章的特殊术语,指一种具有并列意义的层次和结构形态."八脚词"这个名称透露出八股文与宋代儒学、宋代考试文体具有某种关联的消息.     

晚清关于缠足影响国家富强的争论

缠足影响国家富强是近代中国反缠足运动的主要思想依据,但晚清知识界在这一问题上存在较大的分歧.这一观念初由传教士发其端,甲午以前并未引起士人的多少关注,主要的思想交锋是在外国传教士及受其影响的中国教徒之间展开.甲午后,缠足影响国家富强的说法日渐流行,争论逐渐在中国士人间展开,特别是在反缠足运动积极开展的南方地区,争论显得尤其突出.新政时期,类似说法已非常流行.官方和民间都有很多人改变了以缠足为琐屑的观念,承认它影响了中国的富强.但争论仍在继续,并逐渐逾出南方而扩大到北方地区,发展成一场全国性的争论.     

Discrete and continuous bivariate lifetime models in presence of cure rate: a comparative study under Bayesian approach

The modeling and analysis of lifetime data in which the main endpoints are the times when an event of interest occurs is of great interest in medical studies. In these studies, it is common that two or more lifetimes associated with the same unit such as the times to deterioration levels or the times to reaction to a treatment in pairs of organs like lungs, kidneys, eyes or ears. In medical applications, it is also possible that a cure rate is present and needed to be modeled with lifetime data with long-term survivors. This paper presented a comparative study under a Bayesian approach among some existing continuous and discrete bivariate distributions such as the bivariate exponential distributions and the bivariate geometric distributions in presence of cure rate, censored data and covariates. In presence of lifetimes related to cured patients, it is assumed standard mixture cure rate models in the data analysis. The posterior summaries of interest are obtained using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. To illustrate the proposed methodology two real medical data sets are considered.     

U.K. Foot and Mouth Disease: A Systemic Risk Assessment of Existing Controls

This article details a systemic analysis of the controls in place and possible interventions available to further reduce the risk of a foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreak in the United Kingdom. Using a research‐based network analysis tool, we identify vulnerabilities within the multibarrier control system and their corresponding critical control points (CCPs). CCPs represent opportunities for active intervention that produce the greatest improvement to United Kingdom's resilience to future FMD outbreaks. Using an adapted ‘features, events, and processes’ (FEPs) methodology and network analysis, our results suggest that movements of animals and goods associated with legal activities significantly influence the system's behavior due to their higher frequency and ability to combine and create scenarios of exposure similar in origin to the U.K. FMD outbreaks of 1967/8 and 2001. The systemic risk assessment highlights areas outside of disease control that are relevant to disease spread. Further, it proves to be a powerful tool for demonstrating the need for implementing disease controls that have not previously been part of the system.     

复发性阿弗他溃疡病因的研究进展

复发性阿弗他溃疡（ Recurrent Aphthous Ulcer，RAU）又称复发性口腔溃疡，患病率居口腔黏膜疾病之首，患者痛疼剧烈，严重影响生活质量，具有复发性、周期性、自限性等特点。关于RAU的病因，早期有研究者曾报道在RAU病灶中分离提取出单纯疱疹病毒，稍后又发现RAU的发病与内分泌因素、神经精神因素、放射治疗以及VitB12缺乏等有关。还有研究则指出，RAU的发病与细胞免疫和体液免疫有关，是对口腔上皮细胞或微生物交叉抗原刺激所发生的一种自身免疫性疾病。近年来，在针对口腔黏膜病的进一步研究中，许多学者注意到口腔黏膜所存在的环境，认为口腔幽门螺杆菌与RAU的发病有关。     

糖尿病患者与普通患者对糖尿病知识认知程度的调查

目的调查糖尿病患者与普通患者对糖尿病知识认知程度。方法用问卷调查表对糖尿病患者(158例糖尿病组)与普通患者(157例对照组)以患者自评的方式进行测定。结果 (1)调查共发出调查表315份,收回填写完整表格302份,其中糖尿病组152份,对照组150份;(2)糖尿病组的有关糖尿病知识主要来源为医生和新闻媒介,对照组为道听途说,女性患者从科普读物获得的知识明显高于男性(x~2=7.812,P<0.01);(3)糖尿病患者的有关糖尿病知识的掌握程度明显高于对照组(x~2=16.591,P<0.0001),差异显著,其中男性掌握程度明显低于女性(x~2=4.964,P<0.05)。(4)糖尿病有关知识的掌握程度随着文化程度的提高而提高(x~2=23.706,P<0.0001)。(5)糖尿病有关知识的掌握程度跟年龄的分布有差异,其中40～70岁之间的患者对糖尿病有关知识掌握程度明显好于其他年龄组(x~2=43.847,P<0.0001)。结论定期系统地对糖尿病患者特别是普通患者进行健康教育,逐步提高他们对糖尿病的认识水平,对控制糖尿病的发生和发展有重要意义。     

面向中学地理教育加强世界地理教学改革

面向中学地理教育加强世界地理教学改革周旗（南阳师专地理系，４７３０６１）１９９２年８月在美国华盛顿召开了第２７届国际地理大会，会议通过了《地理教育国际宪章》，它是面向二十一世纪地理教育的纲领性文件，也是培养世界公民合作与团结，协调人地关系道筹规范的指...